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Hookworm infection
Hookworm infection, also known as hookworm disease, is an infection by a parasitic bloodsucking roundworm. Hookworm infections include ancylostomiasis and necatoriasis. These worms live in the small intestine of their host, which may be a bird or a mammal such as a dog, cat, or human. Hookworm infection in pregnancy can cause retarded growth of the fetus, premature birth and a low birth weight. Hookworms in children can cause intellectual, cognitive and growth problems.
Two species of hookworms commonly infect humans: ''Ancylostoma duodenale'' and ''Necator americanus''. ''A. duodenale'' predominates in the Middle East, North Africa, India and (formerly) in southern Europe, while ''N. americanus'' predominates in the Americas, Sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, China, and Indonesia. ''A. tubaeforme'' infects cats, ''A. caninum'' infects dogs and ''A. braziliense'' and ''Uncinaria stenocephala'' infect both cats and dogs. Hookworms are much smaller than the giant roundworms ''Ascaris lumbricoides'' and so cause less tissue damage and obstruction. The most significant risk of hookworm infection is anemia, secondary to loss of iron (and protein) in the gut. The worms suck blood voraciously and damage the mucosa. However, the blood loss in the stools is not visibly apparent.
Hookworm infection affects over half a billion people globally. It is a leading cause of maternal and child morbidity in the developing countries of the tropics and subtropics. In developed countries, hookworm infection is rarely fatal, but anemia can be significant in a heavily infected individual. Hookworm infection is a soil-transmitted helminthiasis and therefore classified as a neglected tropical disease. Ancylostomiasis is the disease caused when ''Ancylostoma duodenale'' hookworms, present in large numbers, produce an iron deficiency anemia by sucking blood from the host's intestinal walls.
== Terminology ==
The term ''hookworm'' is sometimes used to refer to hookworm infection.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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